Mining Finance
Commodity Hedging in Mining Project Finance
Using forwards, swaps and collars to protect debt service during the highest-leverage years. Covers underwriting, security, legal documentation, economics and lender downside analysis.
Commodities
Commodities
Nickel Demand Growth and the Supply Challenge
Nickel demand is rising across stainless steel, batteries and industry, but Indonesian supply growth continues to reshape prices, margins and project economics.
Copper
Gécamines and the Battle for Congo’s Copper
From Union Minière and nationalization to collapse, joint ventures and mineral trading, the history of Gécamines mirrors the history of Congo’s copperbelt.
Commodities
History of Glencore From Trader to Mining Giant
How Glencore grew from Marc Rich’s commodity trading house into a global mining and marketing group through physical trading, acquisitions and vertical integration.
Commodities
How to Spot Fake Commodity Deals and Broker Chains
Fake commodity deals promise oil, gold or copper at huge discounts through mysterious allocations. Here is why these broker-chain offers are nonsense.
Commodities
How Much Capital Does a Physical Commodity Trader Need?
How much capital physical commodity traders need for cargo purchases, trade finance equity, hedge margin, freight, collateral, and working capital.
Commodities
How Physical Commodity Traders Hedge Price Risk
How physical commodity traders hedge price risk using futures, swaps, options, basis hedges, spreads, freight hedges, FX hedges, and layered execution.
Commodities
9 Financing Structures for Grain Traders
Grain traders can finance purchases, storage, shipments and receivables through nine structures built around inventory, contracts and sale proceeds.
Commodities
9 Financing Structures for Commodity Traders
Commodity traders can finance purchases, inventory, shipments and receivables through nine distinct structures tied to specific stages of the trade cycle.
Mining Finance
Child Labour Does Not Define the DRC Mining Industry
Child labour is real in DRC artisanal mining, but copper-cobalt output is dominated by industrial mines. The larger issue is who captures the mineral rent.
Commodities
What Is a Joker Broker in Commodity Trading?
What commodity traders mean by joker broker, why brokerage itself is legitimate, and how refusal to learn turns intermediaries into permanent deal killers.
Market Insights
Unqualified Commodity Buyers and Fake Discount Deals
Why unqualified commodity buyers chase impossible discounts, misunderstand pre-financing, misuse “exit buyers” and repeatedly walk into commodity scams.